---
scientific_name: Lotus japonicus
gene_symbols:
  - LjNIN
gene_symbol_long: Nodule Inception
gene_model_pub_name: Lj2G3V3373110
gene_model_full_id: lotja.MG20.gnm3.ann1.Lj2G3V3373110
confidence: 4
curators:
  - Marlene Dorneich-Hayes
  - Scott Kalberer
comments:
  - Ectopic expression of Nodule Inception (LjNIN) produces nodule-like
    structures from the roots regardless of lack of rhizobia. Constitutive
    expression of NIN eventually leads to suppression of native NIN
    transcription in untransformed roots of the plant via effects on HAR1
    receptor protein. The result is reduced nodulation and down-regulation of
    CLE-RS signal peptide expression.
  - NIN codes for a transcription factor containing the RWP-RK domain that
    induces nodule primordia formation by promoting cortical cell division.
  - NIN activates genes coding for the NIN-repressing signal proteins,
    Clavata3/Endosperm Surrounding Region Root Signal 1 (CLE-RS1) and CLE-RS2,
    that are expressed in the roots and travel long-distance to ultimately stop
    nodulation. They are perceived in the shoot by Hypernodulation Aberrant Root
    Formation 1 (HAR1) receptor proteins.
phenotype_synopsis: LjNIN is part of an autoregulatory negative feedback loop in
  Lotus japonicus that maintains healthy numbers of nodules containing
  nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. NIN positively regulates rhizobium infection by
  inducing the genes necessary to establish the symbiosis when nitrate is
  limited.
traits:
  - entity_name: regulation of biological process involved in symbiotic interaction
    entity: GO:0043903
  - relation_name: negatively regulates
    relation: RO:0002212
  - entity_name: nodulation
    entity: GO:0009877
  - relation_name: positively regulates
    relation: RO:0002213
references:
  - citation: Soyano, Hirakawa et al., 2014
    doi: 10.1073/pnas.1412716111
    pmid: 25246578
  - citation: Soyano, Shimoda et al., 2015
    doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcu168
    pmid: 25416287
  - citation: Yoro, Suzaki et al., 2014
    doi: 10.1104/pp.113.233379
    pmid: 24722550
  - citation: Nishida, Nosaki et al., 2021
    doi: 10.1093/plcell/koab103
    pmid: 33826745