##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1007/s00122-016-2819-7 27832313 null Samanfar et al., 2017 "Samanfar B, Molnar SJ, Charette M, Schoenrock A, Dehne F, Golshani A, Belzile F, Cober ER. Mapping and identification of a potential candidate gene for a novel maturity locus, E10, in soybean. Theor Appl Genet. 2017 Feb;130(2):377-390. doi: 10.1007/s00122-016-2819-7. Epub 2016 Nov 10. PMID: 27832313." ## PMID- 27832313 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170209 LR - 20220310 IS - 1432-2242 (Electronic) IS - 0040-5752 (Linking) VI - 130 IP - 2 DP - 2017 Feb TI - Mapping and identification of a potential candidate gene for a novel maturity locus, E10, in soybean. PG - 377-390 LID - 10.1007/s00122-016-2819-7 [doi] AB - E10 is a new maturity locus in soybean and FT4 is the predicted/potential functional gene underlying the locus. Flowering and maturity time traits play crucial roles in economic soybean production. Early maturity is critical for north and west expansion of soybean in Canada. To date, 11 genes/loci have been identified which control time to flowering and maturity; however, the molecular bases of almost half of them are not yet clear. We have identified a new maturity locus called "E10" located at the end of chromosome Gm08. The gene symbol E10e10 has been approved by the Soybean Genetics Committee. The e10e10 genotype results in 5-10 days earlier maturity than E10E10. A set of presumed E10E10 and e10e10 genotypes was used to identify contrasting SSR and SNP haplotypes. These haplotypes, and their association with maturity, were maintained through five backcross generations. A functional genomics approach using a predicted protein-protein interaction (PPI) approach (Protein-protein Interaction Prediction Engine, PIPE) was used to investigate approximately 75 genes located in the genomic region that SSR and SNP analyses identified as the location of the E10 locus. The PPI analysis identified FT4 as the most likely candidate gene underlying the E10 locus. Sequence analysis of the two FT4 alleles identified three SNPs, in the 5'UTR, 3'UTR and fourth exon in the coding region, which result in differential mRNA structures. Allele-specific markers were developed for this locus and are available for soybean breeders to efficiently develop earlier maturing cultivars using molecular marker assisted breeding. FAU - Samanfar, Bahram AU - Samanfar B AD - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada. FAU - Molnar, Stephen J AU - Molnar SJ AD - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada. FAU - Charette, Martin AU - Charette M AD - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada. FAU - Schoenrock, Andrew AU - Schoenrock A AD - School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada. FAU - Dehne, Frank AU - Dehne F AD - School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada. FAU - Golshani, Ashkan AU - Golshani A AD - Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada. FAU - Belzile, Francois AU - Belzile F AD - Departement de Phytologie and Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes, Universite Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. FAU - Cober, Elroy R AU - Cober ER AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4673-1808 AD - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada. elroy.cober@agr.gc.ca. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20161110 PL - Germany TA - Theor Appl Genet JT - TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik JID - 0145600 RN - 0 (DNA, Plant) RN - 0 (Genetic Markers) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) SB - IM MH - *Chromosome Mapping MH - Computational Biology MH - DNA, Plant/genetics MH - *Genetic Loci MH - Genetic Markers MH - Genotype MH - Haplotypes MH - Microsatellite Repeats MH - Nucleic Acid Conformation MH - Plant Breeding MH - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MH - RNA, Messenger/chemistry MH - Soybeans/*genetics/physiology EDAT- 2016/11/11 06:00 MHDA- 2017/02/10 06:00 CRDT- 2016/11/11 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/18 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/10/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/11/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/02/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/11/11 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00122-016-2819-7 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00122-016-2819-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Theor Appl Genet. 2017 Feb;130(2):377-390. doi: 10.1007/s00122-016-2819-7. Epub 2016 Nov 10. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.004 27979775 null Yue et al., 2017 "Yue Y, Liu N, Jiang B, Li M, Wang H, Jiang Z, Pan H, Xia Q, Ma Q, Han T, Nian H. A Single Nucleotide Deletion in J Encoding GmELF3 Confers Long Juvenility and Is Associated with Adaption of Tropic Soybean. Mol Plant. 2017 Apr 3;10(4):656-658. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.004. Epub 2016 Dec 12. PMID: 27979775." ## PMID- 27979775 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181113 LR - 20181113 IS - 1752-9867 (Electronic) IS - 1674-2052 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 4 DP - 2017 Apr 3 TI - A Single Nucleotide Deletion in J Encoding GmELF3 Confers Long Juvenility and Is Associated with Adaption of Tropic Soybean. PG - 656-658 LID - S1674-2052(16)30303-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.004 [doi] FAU - Yue, Yanlei AU - Yue Y AD - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. FAU - Liu, Nianxi AU - Liu N AD - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. FAU - Jiang, Bingjun AU - Jiang B AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Li, Mu AU - Li M AD - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. FAU - Wang, Haijie AU - Wang H AD - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China. FAU - Jiang, Ze AU - Jiang Z AD - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. FAU - Pan, Huanting AU - Pan H AD - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. FAU - Xia, Qiuju AU - Xia Q AD - BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. FAU - Ma, Qibin AU - Ma Q AD - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. FAU - Han, Tianfu AU - Han T AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: hantianfu@caas.cn. FAU - Nian, Hai AU - Nian H AD - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address: hnian@scau.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Letter PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20161212 PL - England TA - Mol Plant JT - Molecular plant JID - 101465514 RN - 0 (Nucleotides) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics MH - Alleles MH - Nucleotides/*genetics MH - Plant Proteins/*genetics MH - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics MH - *Quantitative Trait, Heritable MH - Sequence Deletion/*genetics MH - Soybeans/*genetics/*physiology EDAT- 2016/12/17 06:00 MHDA- 2018/11/14 06:00 CRDT- 2016/12/17 06:00 PHST- 2016/09/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/11/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2016/12/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/12/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/11/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/12/17 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1674-2052(16)30303-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.004 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mol Plant. 2017 Apr 3;10(4):656-658. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.12.004. Epub 2016 Dec 12. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1038/ng.3819 28319089 null Lu, Zhao et al., 2017 "Lu S, Zhao X, Hu Y, Liu S, Nan H, Li X, Fang C, Cao D, Shi X, Kong L, Su T, Zhang F, Li S, Wang Z, Yuan X, Cober ER, Weller JL, Liu B, Hou X, Tian Z, Kong F. Natural variation at the soybean J locus improves adaptation to the tropics and enhances yield. Nat Genet. 2017 May;49(5):773-779. doi: 10.1038/ng.3819. Epub 2017 Mar 20. PMID: 28319089." ## PMID- 28319089 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20170918 LR - 20220330 IS - 1546-1718 (Electronic) IS - 1061-4036 (Linking) VI - 49 IP - 5 DP - 2017 May TI - Natural variation at the soybean J locus improves adaptation to the tropics and enhances yield. PG - 773-779 LID - 10.1038/ng.3819 [doi] AB - Soybean is a major legume crop originating in temperate regions, and photoperiod responsiveness is a key factor in its latitudinal adaptation. Varieties from temperate regions introduced to lower latitudes mature early and have extremely low grain yields. Introduction of the long-juvenile (LJ) trait extends the vegetative phase and improves yield under short-day conditions, thereby enabling expansion of cultivation in tropical regions. Here we report the cloning and characterization of J, the major classical locus conferring the LJ trait, and identify J as the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3). J depends genetically on the legume-specific flowering repressor E1, and J protein physically associates with the E1 promoter to downregulate its transcription, relieving repression of two important FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes and promoting flowering under short days. Our findings identify an important new component in flowering-time control in soybean and provide new insight into soybean adaptation to tropical regions. FAU - Lu, Sijia AU - Lu S AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Zhao, Xiaohui AU - Zhao X AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Hu, Yilong AU - Hu Y AD - Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. AD - University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Liu, Shulin AU - Liu S AD - University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Nan, Haiyang AU - Nan H AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Li, Xiaoming AU - Li X AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Fang, Chao AU - Fang C AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Cao, Dong AU - Cao D AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Shi, Xinyi AU - Shi X AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Kong, Lingping AU - Kong L AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Su, Tong AU - Su T AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhang, Fengge AU - Zhang F AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Li, Shichen AU - Li S AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Wang, Zheng AU - Wang Z AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Yuan, Xiaohui AU - Yuan X AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Cober, Elroy R AU - Cober ER AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4673-1808 AD - Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. FAU - Weller, James L AU - Weller JL AD - School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Hou, Xingliang AU - Hou X AD - Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Tian, Zhixi AU - Tian Z AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6051-9670 AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Kong, Fanjiang AU - Kong F AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20170320 PL - United States TA - Nat Genet JT - Nature genetics JID - 9216904 RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Base Sequence MH - *Biomass MH - China MH - Flowers/genetics/growth & development MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Gene Regulatory Networks MH - Genetic Loci/*genetics MH - *Genetic Variation MH - Geography MH - Mutation MH - Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid MH - Soybeans/classification/*genetics/growth & development MH - Species Specificity MH - *Tropical Climate EDAT- 2017/03/21 06:00 MHDA- 2017/09/19 06:00 CRDT- 2017/03/21 06:00 PHST- 2016/10/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/02/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/03/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/09/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/03/21 06:00 [entrez] AID - ng.3819 [pii] AID - 10.1038/ng.3819 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nat Genet. 2017 May;49(5):773-779. doi: 10.1038/ng.3819. Epub 2017 Mar 20. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1038/s41588-020-0604-7 32231277 null Lu, Dong et al., 2020 "Lu S, Dong L, Fang C, Liu S, Kong L, Cheng Q, Chen L, Su T, Nan H, Zhang D, Zhang L, Wang Z, Yang Y, Yu D, Liu X, Yang Q, Lin X, Tang Y, Zhao X, Yang X, Tian C, Xie Q, Li X, Yuan X, Tian Z, Liu B, Weller JL, Kong F. Stepwise selection on homeologous PRR genes controlling flowering and maturity during soybean domestication. Nat Genet. 2020 Apr;52(4):428-436. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0604-7. Epub 2020 Mar 30. PMID: 32231277." ## PMID- 32231277 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200626 LR - 20220607 IS - 1546-1718 (Electronic) IS - 1061-4036 (Linking) VI - 52 IP - 4 DP - 2020 Apr TI - Stepwise selection on homeologous PRR genes controlling flowering and maturity during soybean domestication. PG - 428-436 LID - 10.1038/s41588-020-0604-7 [doi] AB - Adaptive changes in plant phenology are often considered to be a feature of the so-called 'domestication syndrome' that distinguishes modern crops from their wild progenitors, but little detailed evidence supports this idea. In soybean, a major legume crop, flowering time variation is well characterized within domesticated germplasm and is critical for modern production, but its importance during domestication is unclear. Here, we identify sequential contributions of two homeologous pseudo-response-regulator genes, Tof12 and Tof11, to ancient flowering time adaptation, and demonstrate that they act via LHY homologs to promote expression of the legume-specific E1 gene and delay flowering under long photoperiods. We show that Tof12-dependent acceleration of maturity accompanied a reduction in dormancy and seed dispersal during soybean domestication, possibly predisposing the incipient crop to latitudinal expansion. Better understanding of this early phase of crop evolution will help to identify functional variation lost during domestication and exploit its potential for future crop improvement. FAU - Lu, Sijia AU - Lu S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3110-0915 AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. AD - The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Dong, Lidong AU - Dong L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8085-1678 AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Fang, Chao AU - Fang C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0564-7586 AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Liu, Shulin AU - Liu S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0154-2966 AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Kong, Lingping AU - Kong L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2671-7443 AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Cheng, Qun AU - Cheng Q AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5595-2058 AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Chen, Liyu AU - Chen L AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Su, Tong AU - Su T AD - The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Nan, Haiyang AU - Nan H AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Zhang, Dan AU - Zhang D AD - Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China. FAU - Zhang, Lei AU - Zhang L AD - Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China. FAU - Wang, Zhijuan AU - Wang Z AD - State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. FAU - Yang, Yongqing AU - Yang Y AD - Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. FAU - Yu, Deyue AU - Yu D AD - National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. FAU - Liu, Xiaolei AU - Liu X AD - Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. FAU - Yang, Qingyong AU - Yang Q AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3510-8906 AD - Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. FAU - Lin, Xiaoya AU - Lin X AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Tang, Yang AU - Tang Y AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Zhao, Xiaohui AU - Zhao X AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Yang, Xinquan AU - Yang X AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Tian, Changen AU - Tian C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8410-6624 AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. FAU - Xie, Qiguang AU - Xie Q AD - Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China. FAU - Li, Xia AU - Li X AD - State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. FAU - Yuan, Xiaohui AU - Yuan X AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0661-5332 AD - School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China. yuanxiaohui@whut.edu.cn. FAU - Tian, Zhixi AU - Tian Z AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6051-9670 AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. zxtian@genetics.ac.cn. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. zxtian@genetics.ac.cn. FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3491-8293 AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. liubh@iga.ac.cn. AD - The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. liubh@iga.ac.cn. FAU - Weller, James L AU - Weller JL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2423-8286 AD - School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. jim.weller@utas.edu.au. FAU - Kong, Fanjiang AU - Kong F AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7138-1478 AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. kongfj@gzhu.edu.cn. AD - The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. kongfj@gzhu.edu.cn. AD - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. kongfj@gzhu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200330 PL - United States TA - Nat Genet JT - Nature genetics JID - 9216904 SB - IM MH - Crops, Agricultural/*genetics MH - Domestication MH - Fabaceae/genetics MH - Flowers/*genetics MH - Genes, Plant/*genetics MH - Photoperiod MH - Seeds/genetics MH - Soybeans/*genetics EDAT- 2020/04/02 06:00 MHDA- 2020/06/27 06:00 CRDT- 2020/04/02 06:00 PHST- 2019/10/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/02/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/04/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/06/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/04/02 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1038/s41588-020-0604-7 [pii] AID - 10.1038/s41588-020-0604-7 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Nat Genet. 2020 Apr;52(4):428-436. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0604-7. Epub 2020 Mar 30. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1093/aob/mct269 24284817 PMC3906962 Tsubokura, Watanabe et al., 2013 "Tsubokura Y, Watanabe S, Xia Z, Kanamori H, Yamagata H, Kaga A, Katayose Y, Abe J, Ishimoto M, Harada K. Natural variation in the genes responsible for maturity loci E1, E2, E3 and E4 in soybean. Ann Bot. 2014 Feb;113(3):429-41. doi: 10.1093/aob/mct269. Epub 2013 Nov 26. PMID: 24284817; PMCID: PMC3906962." ## PMID- 24284817 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140929 LR - 20220309 IS - 1095-8290 (Electronic) IS - 0305-7364 (Print) IS - 0305-7364 (Linking) VI - 113 IP - 3 DP - 2014 Feb TI - Natural variation in the genes responsible for maturity loci E1, E2, E3 and E4 in soybean. PG - 429-41 LID - 10.1093/aob/mct269 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The timing of flowering has a direct impact on successful seed production in plants. Flowering of soybean (Glycine max) is controlled by several E loci, and previous studies identified the genes responsible for the flowering loci E1, E2, E3 and E4. However, natural variation in these genes has not been fully elucidated. The aims of this study were the identification of new alleles, establishment of allele diagnoses, examination of allelic combinations for adaptability, and analysis of the integrated effect of these loci on flowering. METHODS: The sequences of these genes and their flanking regions were determined for 39 accessions by primer walking. Systematic discrimination among alleles was performed using DNA markers. Genotypes at the E1-E4 loci were determined for 63 accessions covering several ecological types using DNA markers and sequencing, and flowering times of these accessions at three sowing times were recorded. KEY RESULTS: A new allele with an insertion of a long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) at the promoter of the E1 locus (e1-re) was identified. Insertion and deletion of 36 bases in the eighth intron (E2-in and E2-dl) were observed at the E2 locus. Systematic discrimination among the alleles at the E1-E3 loci was achieved using PCR-based markers. Allelic combinations at the E1-E4 loci were found to be associated with ecological types, and about 62-66 % of variation of flowering time could be attributed to these loci. CONCLUSIONS: The study advances understanding of the combined roles of the E1-E4 loci in flowering and geographic adaptation, and suggests the existence of unidentified genes for flowering in soybean. FAU - Tsubokura, Yasutaka AU - Tsubokura Y AD - National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 306-8602, Japan. FAU - Watanabe, Satoshi AU - Watanabe S FAU - Xia, Zhengjun AU - Xia Z FAU - Kanamori, Hiroyuki AU - Kanamori H FAU - Yamagata, Harumi AU - Yamagata H FAU - Kaga, Akito AU - Kaga A FAU - Katayose, Yuichi AU - Katayose Y FAU - Abe, Jun AU - Abe J FAU - Ishimoto, Masao AU - Ishimoto M FAU - Harada, Kyuya AU - Harada K LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AB795360 SI - GENBANK/AB795361 SI - GENBANK/AB795362 SI - GENBANK/AB795363 SI - GENBANK/AB795364 SI - GENBANK/AB795365 SI - GENBANK/AB795366 SI - GENBANK/AB795367 SI - GENBANK/AB795368 SI - GENBANK/AB795369 SI - GENBANK/AB795370 SI - GENBANK/AB795371 SI - GENBANK/AB795372 SI - GENBANK/AB795373 SI - GENBANK/AB795374 SI - GENBANK/AB795375 SI - GENBANK/AB795376 SI - GENBANK/AB795377 SI - GENBANK/AB795378 SI - GENBANK/AB795379 SI - GENBANK/AB795380 SI - GENBANK/AB795381 SI - GENBANK/AB795382 SI - GENBANK/AB795383 SI - GENBANK/AB795384 SI - GENBANK/AB795385 SI - GENBANK/AB795386 SI - GENBANK/AB795387 SI - GENBANK/AB795388 SI - GENBANK/AB795389 SI - GENBANK/AB795390 SI - GENBANK/AB795391 SI - GENBANK/AB795392 SI - GENBANK/AB797147 SI - GENBANK/AB797148 SI - GENBANK/AB797149 SI - GENBANK/AB797150 SI - GENBANK/AB797151 SI - GENBANK/AB797152 SI - GENBANK/AB797153 SI - GENBANK/AB797154 SI - GENBANK/AB797155 SI - GENBANK/AB797156 SI - GENBANK/AB797157 SI - GENBANK/AB797158 SI - GENBANK/AB797159 SI - GENBANK/AB797160 SI - GENBANK/AB797161 SI - GENBANK/AB797162 SI - GENBANK/AB797163 SI - GENBANK/AB797164 SI - GENBANK/AB797165 SI - GENBANK/AB797166 SI - GENBANK/AB797167 SI - GENBANK/AB797168 SI - GENBANK/AB797169 SI - GENBANK/AB797170 SI - GENBANK/AB797171 SI - GENBANK/AB797172 SI - GENBANK/AB797173 SI - GENBANK/AB797174 SI - GENBANK/AB797175 SI - GENBANK/AB797176 SI - GENBANK/AB797177 SI - GENBANK/AB797178 SI - GENBANK/AB797179 SI - GENBANK/AB797180 SI - GENBANK/AB797181 SI - GENBANK/AB797182 SI - GENBANK/AB797183 SI - GENBANK/AB797184 SI - GENBANK/AB797185 SI - GENBANK/AB797186 SI - GENBANK/AB797187 SI - GENBANK/AB797188 SI - GENBANK/AB797189 SI - GENBANK/AB797190 SI - GENBANK/AB797191 SI - GENBANK/AB797192 SI - GENBANK/AB797193 SI - GENBANK/AB797194 SI - GENBANK/AB797195 SI - GENBANK/AB797196 SI - GENBANK/AB797197 SI - GENBANK/AB797198 SI - GENBANK/AB797199 SI - GENBANK/AB797200 SI - GENBANK/AB797201 SI - GENBANK/AB797202 SI - GENBANK/AB797203 SI - GENBANK/AB797204 SI - GENBANK/AB797205 SI - GENBANK/AB797206 SI - GENBANK/AB797207 SI - GENBANK/AB797208 SI - GENBANK/AB797209 SI - GENBANK/AB797210 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20131126 PL - England TA - Ann Bot JT - Annals of botany JID - 0372347 RN - 0 (Genetic Markers) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Adaptation, Physiological MH - Alleles MH - Base Sequence MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - Flowers/genetics/physiology MH - *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Genetic Loci/genetics MH - Genetic Markers/genetics MH - *Genetic Variation MH - Genotype MH - Haplotypes MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Photoperiod MH - Plant Proteins/*genetics/metabolism MH - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MH - Quantitative Trait Loci/*genetics MH - Seeds/genetics/physiology MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Soybeans/*genetics/physiology MH - Time Factors PMC - PMC3906962 OTO - NOTNLM OT - E locus OT - Glycine max OT - SNP OT - ecological type OT - flowering time OT - haplotype OT - marker-assisted selection OT - single nucleotide polymorphism OT - soybean EDAT- 2013/11/29 06:00 MHDA- 2014/09/30 06:00 CRDT- 2013/11/29 06:00 PHST- 2013/11/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/11/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/09/30 06:00 [medline] AID - mct269 [pii] AID - 10.1093/aob/mct269 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Bot. 2014 Feb;113(3):429-41. doi: 10.1093/aob/mct269. Epub 2013 Nov 26. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1093/jxb/erw283 27422993 PMC5014162 Takeshima, Hayashi et al., 2016 "Takeshima R, Hayashi T, Zhu J, Zhao C, Xu M, Yamaguchi N, Sayama T, Ishimoto M, Kong L, Shi X, Liu B, Tian Z, Yamada T, Kong F, Abe J. A soybean quantitative trait locus that promotes flowering under long days is identified as FT5a, a FLOWERING LOCUS T ortholog. J Exp Bot. 2016 Sep;67(17):5247-58. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw283. Epub 2016 Jul 15. PMID: 27422993; PMCID: PMC5014162." ## PMID- 27422993 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20171107 LR - 20181113 IS - 1460-2431 (Electronic) IS - 0022-0957 (Print) IS - 0022-0957 (Linking) VI - 67 IP - 17 DP - 2016 Sep TI - A soybean quantitative trait locus that promotes flowering under long days is identified as FT5a, a FLOWERING LOCUS T ortholog. PG - 5247-58 LID - 10.1093/jxb/erw283 [doi] AB - FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is an important floral integrator whose functions are conserved across plant species. In soybean, two orthologs, FT2a and FT5a, play a major role in initiating flowering. Their expression in response to different photoperiods is controlled by allelic combinations at the maturity loci E1 to E4, generating variation in flowering time among cultivars. We determined the molecular basis of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for flowering time in linkage group J (Chromosome 16). Fine-mapping delimited the QTL to a genomic region of 107kb that harbors FT5a We detected 15 DNA polymorphisms between parents with the early-flowering (ef) and late-flowering (lf) alleles in the promoter region, an intron, and the 3' untranslated region of FT5a, although the FT5a coding regions were identical. Transcript abundance of FT5a was higher in near-isogenic lines for ef than in those for lf, suggesting that different transcriptional activities or mRNA stability caused the flowering time difference. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling from re-sequencing data for 439 cultivated and wild soybean accessions indicated that ef is a rare haplotype that is distinct from common haplotypes including lf The ef allele at FT5a may play an adaptive role at latitudes where early flowering is desirable. CI - (c) The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. FAU - Takeshima, Ryoma AU - Takeshima R AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan. FAU - Hayashi, Takafumi AU - Hayashi T AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan. FAU - Zhu, Jianghui AU - Zhu J AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan. FAU - Zhao, Chen AU - Zhao C AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan. FAU - Xu, Meilan AU - Xu M AD - The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China. FAU - Yamaguchi, Naoya AU - Yamaguchi N AD - Hokkaido Research Organization Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station, Memuro, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan. FAU - Sayama, Takashi AU - Sayama T AD - National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan. FAU - Ishimoto, Masao AU - Ishimoto M AD - National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan. FAU - Kong, Lingping AU - Kong L AD - The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China. FAU - Shi, Xinyi AU - Shi X AD - The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China. FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B AD - The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China. FAU - Tian, Zhixi AU - Tian Z AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1001014, China. FAU - Yamada, Tetsuya AU - Yamada T AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan. FAU - Kong, Fanjiang AU - Kong F AD - The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China kongfj@iga.ac.cn jabe@res.agr.hokucai.ac.jp. FAU - Abe, Jun AU - Abe J AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan kongfj@iga.ac.cn jabe@res.agr.hokucai.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160715 PL - England TA - J Exp Bot JT - Journal of experimental botany JID - 9882906 RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Flowers/*genetics/growth & development/physiology MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Genes, Plant/genetics/physiology MH - Photoperiod MH - Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology MH - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics MH - Quantitative Trait Loci/*genetics/physiology MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Soybeans/*genetics/growth & development/physiology PMC - PMC5014162 OTO - NOTNLM OT - FLOWERING LOCUS T OT - SNP calling OT - flowering time OT - near-isogenic line OT - photoperiod sensitivity OT - quantitative trait locus OT - soybean. EDAT- 2016/07/17 06:00 MHDA- 2017/11/08 06:00 CRDT- 2016/07/17 06:00 PHST- 2016/07/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/07/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2017/11/08 06:00 [medline] AID - erw283 [pii] AID - 10.1093/jxb/erw283 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Exp Bot. 2016 Sep;67(17):5247-58. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw283. Epub 2016 Jul 15. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1104/pp.15.00763 26134161 PMC4528769 Xu, Yamagishi et al., 2015 "Xu M, Yamagishi N, Zhao C, Takeshima R, Kasai M, Watanabe S, Kanazawa A, Yoshikawa N, Liu B, Yamada T, Abe J. The Soybean-Specific Maturity Gene E1 Family of Floral Repressors Controls Night-Break Responses through Down-Regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T Orthologs. Plant Physiol. 2015 Aug;168(4):1735-46. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.00763. Epub 2015 Jul 1. PMID: 26134161; PMCID: PMC4528769." ## PMID- 26134161 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160511 LR - 20220309 IS - 1532-2548 (Electronic) IS - 0032-0889 (Print) IS - 0032-0889 (Linking) VI - 168 IP - 4 DP - 2015 Aug TI - The Soybean-Specific Maturity Gene E1 Family of Floral Repressors Controls Night-Break Responses through Down-Regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T Orthologs. PG - 1735-46 LID - 10.1104/pp.15.00763 [doi] AB - Photoperiodism is a rhythmic change of sensitivity to light, which helps plants to adjust flowering time according to seasonal changes in daylength and to adapt to growing conditions at various latitudes. To reveal the molecular basis of photoperiodism in soybean (Glycine max), a facultative short-day plant, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of the maturity gene E1 family and two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) orthologs (FT2a and FT5a). E1, a repressor for FT2a and FT5a, and its two homologs, E1-like-a (E1La) and E1Lb, exhibited two peaks of expression in long days. Using two different approaches (experiments with transition between light and dark phases and night-break experiments), we revealed that the E1 family genes were expressed only during light periods and that their induction after dawn in long days required a period of light before dusk the previous day. In the cultivar Toyomusume, which lacks the E1 gene, virus-induced silencing of E1La and E1Lb up-regulated the expression of FT2a and FT5a and led to early flowering. Therefore, E1, E1La, and E1Lb function similarly in flowering. Regulation of E1 and E1L expression by light was under the control of E3 and E4, which encode phytochrome A proteins. Our data suggest that phytochrome A-mediated transcriptional induction of E1 and its homologs by light plays a critical role in photoperiodic induction of flowering in soybean. CI - (c) 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved. FAU - Xu, Meilan AU - Xu M AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Yamagishi, Noriko AU - Yamagishi N AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Zhao, Chen AU - Zhao C AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Takeshima, Ryoma AU - Takeshima R AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Kasai, Megumi AU - Kasai M AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Watanabe, Satoshi AU - Watanabe S AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Kanazawa, Akira AU - Kanazawa A AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Yoshikawa, Nobuyuki AU - Yoshikawa N AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.) liubh@neigaehrb.ac.cn jabe@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. FAU - Yamada, Tetsuya AU - Yamada T AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.). FAU - Abe, Jun AU - Abe J AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China (M.X., B.L.);Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan (N.Ya., N.Yo.);Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan (C.Z., R.T., M.K., A.K., T.Y., J.A.); andandFaculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-0027, Japan (S.W.) liubh@neigaehrb.ac.cn jabe@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150701 PL - United States TA - Plant Physiol JT - Plant physiology JID - 0401224 RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - *Down-Regulation MH - Flowers/*genetics MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects MH - Light MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Photoperiod MH - Plant Proteins/*genetics MH - RNA Interference MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Soybeans/*genetics PMC - PMC4528769 EDAT- 2015/07/03 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/12 06:00 CRDT- 2015/07/03 06:00 PHST- 2015/05/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/06/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/07/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/07/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/12 06:00 [medline] AID - pp.15.00763 [pii] AID - PP201500763 [pii] AID - 10.1104/pp.15.00763 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Plant Physiol. 2015 Aug;168(4):1735-46. doi: 10.1104/pp.15.00763. Epub 2015 Jul 1. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1104/pp.110.160796 20864544 PMC2971601 Kong, Liu et al., 2010 "Kong F, Liu B, Xia Z, Sato S, Kim BM, Watanabe S, Yamada T, Tabata S, Kanazawa A, Harada K, Abe J. Two coordinately regulated homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T are involved in the control of photoperiodic flowering in soybean. Plant Physiol. 2010 Nov;154(3):1220-31. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.160796. Epub 2010 Sep 23. PMID: 20864544; PMCID: PMC2971601." ## PMID- 20864544 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20110210 LR - 20220408 IS - 1532-2548 (Electronic) IS - 0032-0889 (Print) IS - 0032-0889 (Linking) VI - 154 IP - 3 DP - 2010 Nov TI - Two coordinately regulated homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T are involved in the control of photoperiodic flowering in soybean. PG - 1220-31 LID - 10.1104/pp.110.160796 [doi] AB - FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a key flowering integrator in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), with homologs that encode florigens in many plant species regardless of the type of photoperiodic response. We identified 10 FT homologs, which were arranged as five pairs of linked genes in different homoeologous chromosomal regions, in soybean (Glycine max), a paleopolyploid species. Two of the FT homologs, GmFT2a and GmFT5a, were highly up-regulated under short-day (SD) conditions (inductive for flowering in soybean) and had diurnal expression patterns with the highest expression 4 h after dawn. Under long-day (LD) conditions, expression of GmFT2a and GmFT5a was down-regulated and did not follow a diurnal pattern. Flowering took much longer to initiate under LD than under SD, and only the GmFT5a transcript accumulated late in development under LD. Ectopic expression analysis in Arabidopsis confirmed that both GmFT2a and GmFT5a had the same function as Arabidopsis FT, but the effect of GmFT5a was more prominent. A double-mutant soybean line for two PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) genes expressed high levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a under LD, and it flowered slightly earlier under LD than the wild type grown under SD. The expression levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a were regulated by the PHYA-mediated photoperiodic regulation system, and the GmFT5a expression was also regulated by a photoperiod-independent system in LD. Taken together, our results suggest that GmFT2a and GmFT5a coordinately control flowering and enable the adaptation of soybean to a wide range of photoperiodic environments. FAU - Kong, Fanjiang AU - Kong F AD - Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B FAU - Xia, Zhengjun AU - Xia Z FAU - Sato, Shusei AU - Sato S FAU - Kim, Bo Min AU - Kim BM FAU - Watanabe, Satoshi AU - Watanabe S FAU - Yamada, Tetsuya AU - Yamada T FAU - Tabata, Satoshi AU - Tabata S FAU - Kanazawa, Akira AU - Kanazawa A FAU - Harada, Kyuya AU - Harada K FAU - Abe, Jun AU - Abe J LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AB550120 SI - GENBANK/AB550121 SI - GENBANK/AB550122 SI - GENBANK/AB550124 SI - GENBANK/AB550125 SI - GENBANK/AB550126 SI - GENBANK/AP011804 SI - GENBANK/AP011805 SI - GENBANK/AP011806 SI - GENBANK/AP011807 SI - GENBANK/AP011808 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20100923 PL - United States TA - Plant Physiol JT - Plant physiology JID - 0401224 RN - 0 (DNA, Plant) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Arabidopsis/genetics MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - DNA, Plant/genetics MH - Flowers/*physiology MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - *Photoperiod MH - Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Soybeans/*genetics/metabolism/physiology PMC - PMC2971601 EDAT- 2010/09/25 06:00 MHDA- 2011/02/11 06:00 CRDT- 2010/09/25 06:00 PHST- 2010/09/25 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2010/09/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/02/11 06:00 [medline] AID - pp.110.160796 [pii] AID - 160796 [pii] AID - 10.1104/pp.110.160796 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Plant Physiol. 2010 Nov;154(3):1220-31. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.160796. Epub 2010 Sep 23. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1105/tpc.114.135103 25663621 PMC4456927 Wang, Zhou et al., 2015 "Wang Z, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Liu T, Li Q, Ji Y, Li C, Fang C, Wang M, Wu M, Shen Y, Tang T, Ma J, Tian Z. Functional evolution of phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins in soybean and Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2015 Feb;27(2):323-36. doi: 10.1105/tpc.114.135103. Epub 2015 Feb 6. PMID: 25663621; PMCID: PMC4456927." ## PMID- 25663621 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20151201 LR - 20220309 IS - 1532-298X (Electronic) IS - 1040-4651 (Print) IS - 1040-4651 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 2 DP - 2015 Feb TI - Functional evolution of phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins in soybean and Arabidopsis. PG - 323-36 LID - 10.1105/tpc.114.135103 [doi] AB - Gene duplication provides resources for novel gene functions. Identification of the amino acids responsible for functional conservation and divergence of duplicated genes will strengthen our understanding of their evolutionary course. Here, we conducted a systemic functional investigation of phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins (PEBPs) in soybean (Glycine max) and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results demonstrated that after the ancestral duplication, the lineage of the common ancestor of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) subfamilies functionally diverged from the MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT) subfamily to activate flowering and repress flowering, respectively. They also underwent further specialization after subsequent duplications. Although the functional divergence increased with duplication age, we observed rapid functional divergence for a few pairs of young duplicates in soybean. Association analysis between amino acids and functional variations identified critical amino acid residues that led to functional differences in PEBP members. Using transgenic analysis, we validated a subset of these differences. We report clear experimental evidence for the functional evolution of the PEBPs in the MFT, FT, and TFL1 subfamilies, which predate the origin of angiosperms. Our results highlight the role of amino acid divergence in driving evolutionary novelty after duplication. CI - (c) 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. FAU - Wang, Zheng AU - Wang Z AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. FAU - Zhou, Zhengkui AU - Zhou Z AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. FAU - Liu, Yunfeng AU - Liu Y AD - Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907. FAU - Liu, Tengfei AU - Liu T AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Li, Qing AU - Li Q AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Ji, Yuanyuan AU - Ji Y AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Li, Congcong AU - Li C AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Fang, Chao AU - Fang C AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Wang, Min AU - Wang M AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Wu, Mian AU - Wu M AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. FAU - Shen, Yanting AU - Shen Y AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. FAU - Tang, Tian AU - Tang T AD - State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Grant School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China lsstt@mail.sysu.edu.cn maj@purdue.edu zxtian@genetics.ac.cn. FAU - Ma, Jianxin AU - Ma J AD - Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 lsstt@mail.sysu.edu.cn maj@purdue.edu zxtian@genetics.ac.cn. FAU - Tian, Zhixi AU - Tian Z AD - State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China lsstt@mail.sysu.edu.cn maj@purdue.edu zxtian@genetics.ac.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150206 PL - England TA - Plant Cell JT - The Plant cell JID - 9208688 RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Amino Acids/metabolism MH - Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism MH - *Evolution, Molecular MH - Flowers/physiology MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Genes, Duplicate MH - Genes, Plant MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism MH - Plant Proteins/metabolism MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Transport MH - Soybeans/*genetics/metabolism MH - Subcellular Fractions/metabolism PMC - PMC4456927 EDAT- 2015/02/11 06:00 MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2015/02/10 06:00 PHST- 2015/02/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/02/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - tpc.114.135103 [pii] AID - 135103 [pii] AID - 10.1105/tpc.114.135103 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Plant Cell. 2015 Feb;27(2):323-36. doi: 10.1105/tpc.114.135103. Epub 2015 Feb 6. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02072.x 15125772 null Noh, Bizzell et al., 2004 "Noh YS, Bizzell CM, Noh B, Schomburg FM, Amasino RM. EARLY FLOWERING 5 acts as a floral repressor in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2004 May;38(4):664-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02072.x. PMID: 15125772." ## PMID- 15125772 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20040709 LR - 20061115 IS - 0960-7412 (Print) IS - 0960-7412 (Linking) VI - 38 IP - 4 DP - 2004 May TI - EARLY FLOWERING 5 acts as a floral repressor in Arabidopsis. PG - 664-72 AB - EARLY FLOWERING 5 (ELF5) is a single-copy gene involved in flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis. ELF5 encodes a nuclear-targeted protein that is related to the human nuclear protein containing a WW domain (Npw)38-binding protein (NpwBP). Lesions in ELF5 cause early flowering in both long days and short days. elf5 mutations partially suppress the late flowering of both autonomous-pathway mutants and FRIGIDA (FRI)-containing lines by reducing the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a floral repressor upon which many of the flowering pathways converge. elf5 mutations also partially suppress photoperiod-pathway mutants, and this, along with the ability of elf5 mutations to cause early flowering in short days, indicates that ELF5 also affects flowering independently of FLC. FAU - Noh, Yoo-Sun AU - Noh YS AD - Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA. FAU - Bizzell, Colleen M AU - Bizzell CM FAU - Noh, Bosl AU - Noh B FAU - Schomburg, Fritz M AU - Schomburg FM FAU - Amasino, Richard M AU - Amasino RM LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AY526094 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PL - England TA - Plant J JT - The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology JID - 9207397 RN - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions) RN - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (ELF5 protein, Arabidopsis) RN - 0 (Repressor Proteins) SB - IM MH - 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Arabidopsis/*genetics MH - Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics MH - Base Sequence MH - Circadian Rhythm MH - DNA Primers MH - Flowers/genetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Protein Biosynthesis/genetics MH - Repressor Proteins/*genetics MH - Seasons MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid EDAT- 2004/05/06 05:00 MHDA- 2004/07/10 05:00 CRDT- 2004/05/06 05:00 PHST- 2004/05/06 05:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2004/07/10 05:00 [medline] PHST- 2004/05/06 05:00 [entrez] AID - TPJ2072 [pii] AID - 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02072.x [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Plant J. 2004 May;38(4):664-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02072.x. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1111/jipb.13021 33090664 null Lin, Liu et al., 2021 "Lin X, Liu B, Weller JL, Abe J, Kong F. Molecular mechanisms for the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean. J Integr Plant Biol. 2021 Jun;63(6):981-994. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13021. Epub 2021 Apr 26. PMID: 33090664." ## PMID- 33090664 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210804 LR - 20210804 IS - 1744-7909 (Electronic) IS - 1672-9072 (Linking) VI - 63 IP - 6 DP - 2021 Jun TI - Molecular mechanisms for the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in soybean. PG - 981-994 LID - 10.1111/jipb.13021 [doi] AB - Photoperiodic flowering is one of the most important factors affecting regional adaptation and yield in soybean (Glycine max). Plant adaptation to long-day conditions at higher latitudes requires early flowering and a reduction or loss of photoperiod sensitivity; adaptation to short-day conditions at lower latitudes involves delayed flowering, which prolongs vegetative growth for maximum yield potential. Due to the influence of numerous major loci and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), soybean has broad adaptability across latitudes. Forward genetic approaches have uncovered the molecular basis for several of these major maturity genes and QTLs. Moreover, the molecular characterization of orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes has enriched our understanding of the photoperiodic flowering pathway in soybean. Building on early insights into the importance of the photoreceptor phytochrome A, several circadian clock components have been integrated into the genetic network controlling flowering in soybean: E1, a repressor of FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologs, plays a central role in this network. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in elucidating photoperiodic flowering in soybean, how it contributes to our fundamental understanding of flowering time control, and how this information could be used for molecular design and breeding of high-yielding soybean cultivars. CI - (c) 2020 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. FAU - Lin, Xiaoya AU - Lin X AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China. FAU - Weller, James L AU - Weller JL AD - School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia. FAU - Abe, Jun AU - Abe J AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan. FAU - Kong, Fanjiang AU - Kong F AD - Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China. LA - eng GR - National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20210426 PL - China (Republic : 1949- ) TA - J Integr Plant Biol JT - Journal of integrative plant biology JID - 101250502 SB - IM MH - Circadian Rhythm/genetics/physiology MH - Flowers/genetics/*physiology MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics/physiology MH - Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics/physiology MH - *Photoperiod MH - Plant Breeding MH - Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics MH - Soybeans/genetics/*physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - molecular-designed breeding OT - photoperiodic flowering OT - soybean EDAT- 2020/10/23 06:00 MHDA- 2021/08/05 06:00 CRDT- 2020/10/22 12:22 PHST- 2020/08/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/09/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/10/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/08/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/10/22 12:22 [entrez] AID - 10.1111/jipb.13021 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Integr Plant Biol. 2021 Jun;63(6):981-994. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13021. Epub 2021 Apr 26. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1111/nph.14884 29120038 PMC5900889 Liu, Jiang et al., 2008a "Liu W, Jiang B, Ma L, Zhang S, Zhai H, Xu X, Hou W, Xia Z, Wu C, Sun S, Wu T, Chen L, Han T. Functional diversification of Flowering Locus T homologs in soybean: GmFT1a and GmFT2a/5a have opposite roles in controlling flowering and maturation. New Phytol. 2018 Feb;217(3):1335-1345. doi: 10.1111/nph.14884. Epub 2017 Nov 9. PMID: 29120038; PMCID: PMC5900889." ## PMID- 29120038 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20191002 LR - 20200930 IS - 1469-8137 (Electronic) IS - 0028-646X (Print) IS - 0028-646X (Linking) VI - 217 IP - 3 DP - 2018 Feb TI - Functional diversification of Flowering Locus T homologs in soybean: GmFT1a and GmFT2a/5a have opposite roles in controlling flowering and maturation. PG - 1335-1345 LID - 10.1111/nph.14884 [doi] AB - Soybean flowering and maturation are strictly regulated by photoperiod. Photoperiod-sensitive soybean varieties can undergo flowering reversion when switched from short-day (SD) to long-day (LD) conditions, suggesting the presence of a 'floral-inhibitor' under LD conditions. We combined gene expression profiling with a study of transgenic plants and confirmed that GmFT1a, soybean Flowering Locus T (FT) homolog, is a floral inhibitor. GmFT1a is expressed specifically in leaves, similar to the flowering-promoting FT homologs GmFT2a/5a. However, in Zigongdongdou (ZGDD), a model variety for studying flowering reversion, GmFT1a expression was induced by LD but inhibited by SD conditions. This was unexpected, as it is the complete opposite of the expression of flowering promoters GmFT2a/5a. Moreover, the key soybean maturity gene E1 may up-regulate GmFT1a expression. It is also notable that GmFT1a expression was conspicuously high in late-flowering varieties. Transgenic overexpression of GmFT1a delayed flowering and maturation in soybean, confirming that GmFT1a functions as a flowering inhibitor. This discovery highlights the complex impacts of the functional diversification of the FT gene family in soybean, and implies that antagonism between flowering-inhibiting and flowering-promoting FT homologs in this highly photoperiod-sensitive plant may specify vegetative vs reproductive development. CI - (c) 2017 The Authors. New Phytologist (c) 2017 New Phytologist Trust. FAU - Liu, Wei AU - Liu W AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Jiang, Bingjun AU - Jiang B AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Ma, Liming AU - Ma L AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Zhang, Shouwei AU - Zhang S AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Zhai, Hong AU - Zhai H AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China. FAU - Xu, Xin AU - Xu X AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Hou, Wensheng AU - Hou W AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Xia, Zhengjun AU - Xia Z AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China. FAU - Wu, Cunxiang AU - Wu C AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Sun, Shi AU - Sun S AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Wu, Tingting AU - Wu T AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Chen, Li AU - Chen L AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. FAU - Han, Tianfu AU - Han T AD - MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China. LA - eng SI - GENBANK/MG030499 SI - GENBANK/MG030623 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20171109 PL - England TA - New Phytol JT - The New phytologist JID - 9882884 RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Flowers/genetics/*physiology MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Haplotypes/genetics MH - Models, Biological MH - Phenotype MH - Plant Proteins/*genetics/metabolism MH - Plants, Genetically Modified MH - *Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Soybeans/*genetics MH - Transcriptome/genetics PMC - PMC5900889 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Flowering Locus T (FT) homolog OT - GmFT1a OT - flowering inhibitor OT - maturation OT - soybean EDAT- 2017/11/10 06:00 MHDA- 2019/10/03 06:00 CRDT- 2017/11/10 06:00 PHST- 2017/05/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/10/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/11/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/10/03 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/11/10 06:00 [entrez] AID - NPH14884 [pii] AID - 10.1111/nph.14884 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - New Phytol. 2018 Feb;217(3):1335-1345. doi: 10.1111/nph.14884. Epub 2017 Nov 9. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1186/1471-2229-14-9 24397545 PMC3890618 Fan, Hu et al., 2014 "Fan C, Hu R, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Ma J, Fu YF. Conserved CO-FT regulons contribute to the photoperiod flowering control in soybean. BMC Plant Biol. 2014 Jan 7;14:9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-9. PMID: 24397545; PMCID: PMC3890618." ## PMID- 24397545 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140910 LR - 20211021 IS - 1471-2229 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2229 (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2014 Jan 7 TI - Conserved CO-FT regulons contribute to the photoperiod flowering control in soybean. PG - 9 LID - 10.1186/1471-2229-14-9 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: CO and FT orthologs, belonging to the BBX and PEBP family, respectively, have important and conserved roles in the photoperiod regulation of flowering time in plants. Soybean genome experienced at least three rounds of whole genome duplications (WGDs), which resulted in multiple copies of about 75% of genes. Subsequent subfunctionalization is the main fate for paralogous gene pairs during the evolutionary process. RESULTS: The phylogenic relationships revealed that CO orthologs were widespread in the plant kingdom while FT orthologs were present only in angiosperms. Twenty-eight CO homologous genes and twenty-four FT homologous genes were gained in the soybean genome. Based on the collinear relationship, the soybean ancestral CO ortholog experienced three WGD events, but only two paralogous gene pairs (GmCOL1/2 and GmCOL5/13) survived in the modern soybean. The paralogous gene pairs, GmCOL1/2 or GmCOL5/13, showed similar expression patterns in pair but different between pairs, indicating that they functionally diverged. GmFTL1 to 7 were derived from the same ancestor prior to the whole genome triplication (WGT) event, and after the Legume WGD event the ancestor diverged into two branches, GmFTL3/5/7 and GmFTL1/2/4/6. GmFTL7 were truncated in the N-terminus compared to other FT-lineage genes, but ubiquitously expressed. Expressions of GmFTL1 to 6 were higher in leaves at the flowering stage than that at the seedling stage. GmFTL3 was expressed at the highest level in all tissues except roots at the seedling stage, and its circadian pattern was different from the other five ones. The transcript of GmFTL6 was highly accumulated in seedling roots. The circadian rhythms of GmCOL5/13 and GmFT1/2/4/5/6 were synchronized in a day, demonstrating the complicate relationship of CO-FT regulons in soybean leaves. Over-expression of GmCOL2 did not rescue the flowering phenotype of the Arabidopsis co mutant. However, ectopic expression of GmCOL5 did rescue the co mutant phenotype. All GmFTL1 to 6 showed flower-promoting activities in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS: After three recent rounds of whole genome duplications in the soybean, the paralogous genes of CO-FT regulons showed subfunctionalization through expression divergence. Then, only GmCOL5/13 kept flowering-promoting activities, while GmFTL1 to 6 contributed to flowering control. Additionally, GmCOL5/13 and GmFT1/2/3/4/5/6 showed similar circadian expression profiles. Therefore, our results suggested that GmCOL5/13 and GmFT1/2/3/4/5/6 formed the complicate CO-FT regulons in the photoperiod regulation of flowering time in soybean. FAU - Fan, Chengming AU - Fan C FAU - Hu, Ruibo AU - Hu R FAU - Zhang, Xiaomei AU - Zhang X FAU - Wang, Xu AU - Wang X FAU - Zhang, Wenjing AU - Zhang W FAU - Zhang, Qingzhe AU - Zhang Q FAU - Ma, Jinhua AU - Ma J FAU - Fu, Yong-Fu AU - Fu YF AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China. fufu19cn@163.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140107 PL - England TA - BMC Plant Biol JT - BMC plant biology JID - 100967807 RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) SB - IM MH - Circadian Rhythm/physiology MH - Flowers/genetics/*metabolism MH - Gene Duplication/genetics/physiology MH - Photoperiod MH - Phylogeny MH - Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism MH - Soybeans/genetics/*metabolism PMC - PMC3890618 EDAT- 2014/01/09 06:00 MHDA- 2014/09/11 06:00 CRDT- 2014/01/09 06:00 PHST- 2013/07/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/11/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/01/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/01/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/09/11 06:00 [medline] AID - 1471-2229-14-9 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1471-2229-14-9 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Plant Biol. 2014 Jan 7;14:9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-9. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1186/s12870-016-0704-9 26786479 PMC4719747 Zhao, Takeshima et al., 2016 "Zhao C, Takeshima R, Zhu J, Xu M, Sato M, Watanabe S, Kanazawa A, Liu B, Kong F, Yamada T, Abe J. A recessive allele for delayed flowering at the soybean maturity locus E9 is a leaky allele of FT2a, a FLOWERING LOCUS T ortholog. BMC Plant Biol. 2016 Jan 19;16:20. doi: 10.1186/s12870-016-0704-9. PMID: 26786479; PMCID: PMC4719747." ## PMID- 26786479 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160906 LR - 20220330 IS - 1471-2229 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2229 (Linking) VI - 16 DP - 2016 Jan 19 TI - A recessive allele for delayed flowering at the soybean maturity locus E9 is a leaky allele of FT2a, a FLOWERING LOCUS T ortholog. PG - 20 LID - 10.1186/s12870-016-0704-9 [doi] LID - 20 AB - BACKGROUND: Understanding the molecular mechanisms of flowering and maturity is important for improving the adaptability and yield of seed crops in different environments. In soybean, a facultative short-day plant, genetic variation at four maturity genes, E1 to E4, plays an important role in adaptation to environments with different photoperiods. However, the molecular basis of natural variation in time to flowering and maturity is poorly understood. Using a cross between early-maturing soybean cultivars, we performed a genetic and molecular study of flowering genes. The progeny of this cross segregated for two maturity loci, E1 and E9. The latter locus was subjected to detailed molecular analysis to identify the responsible gene. RESULTS: Fine mapping, sequencing, and expression analysis revealed that E9 is FT2a, an ortholog of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T. Regardless of daylength conditions, the e9 allele was transcribed at a very low level in comparison with the E9 allele and delayed flowering. Despite identical coding sequences, a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions were detected in the promoter, untranslated regions, and introns between the two cultivars. Furthermore, the e9 allele had a Ty1/copia-like retrotransposon, SORE-1, inserted in the first intron. Comparison of the expression levels of different alleles among near-isogenic lines and photoperiod-insensitive cultivars indicated that the SORE-1 insertion attenuated FT2a expression by its allele-specific transcriptional repression. SORE-1 was highly methylated, and did not appear to disrupt FT2a RNA processing. CONCLUSIONS: The soybean maturity gene E9 is FT2a, and its recessive allele delays flowering because of lower transcript abundance that is caused by allele-specific transcriptional repression due to the insertion of SORE-1. The FT2a transcript abundance is thus directly associated with the variation in flowering time in soybean. The e9 allele may maintain vegetative growth in early-flowering genetic backgrounds, and also be useful as a long-juvenile allele, which causes late flowering under short-daylength conditions, in low-latitude regions. FAU - Zhao, Chen AU - Zhao C AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan. zhaochen_1112@126.com. FAU - Takeshima, Ryoma AU - Takeshima R AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan. take-ryo@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. FAU - Zhu, Jianghui AU - Zhu J AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan. zhu622@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. FAU - Xu, Meilan AU - Xu M AD - The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China. xumeilan_1984@yahoo.co.jp. FAU - Sato, Masako AU - Sato M AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan. satomasa@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. FAU - Watanabe, Satoshi AU - Watanabe S AD - Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-0027, Japan. nabemame@cc.saga-u.ac.jp. FAU - Kanazawa, Akira AU - Kanazawa A AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan. kanazawa@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B AD - The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China. liubh@neigaehrb.ac.cn. FAU - Kong, Fanjiang AU - Kong F AD - The Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China. kongfj@iga.ac.cn. FAU - Yamada, Tetsuya AU - Yamada T AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan. tetsuyay@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. FAU - Abe, Jun AU - Abe J AD - Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan. jabe@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20160119 PL - England TA - BMC Plant Biol JT - BMC plant biology JID - 100967807 SB - IM MH - Alleles MH - Flowers/*genetics/growth & development MH - *Genes, Plant MH - Genes, Recessive MH - Soybeans/*genetics/growth & development PMC - PMC4719747 EDAT- 2016/01/21 06:00 MHDA- 2016/09/07 06:00 CRDT- 2016/01/21 06:00 PHST- 2015/10/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2016/01/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2016/01/21 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2016/01/21 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/09/07 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1186/s12870-016-0704-9 [pii] AID - 704 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12870-016-0704-9 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Plant Biol. 2016 Jan 19;16:20. doi: 10.1186/s12870-016-0704-9. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1371/journal.pone.0089030 24586488 PMC3929636 Zhai et al., 2014 "Zhai H, Lü S, Liang S, Wu H, Zhang X, Liu B, Kong F, Yuan X, Li J, Xia Z. GmFT4, a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T, is positively regulated by E1 and functions as a flowering repressor in soybean. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 19;9(2):e89030. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089030. PMID: 24586488; PMCID: PMC3929636." ## PMID- 24586488 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150110 LR - 20220409 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 2 DP - 2014 TI - GmFT4, a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T, is positively regulated by E1 and functions as a flowering repressor in soybean. PG - e89030 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0089030 [doi] LID - e89030 AB - The major maturity gene E1 has the most prominent effect on flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity of soybean, but the pathway mediated by E1 is largely unknown. Here, we found the expression of GmFT4, a homolog of Flowering Locus T, was strongly up-regulated in transgenic soybean overexpressing E1, whereas expression of flowering activators, GmFT2a and GmFT5a, was suppressed. GmFT4 expression was strongly up-regulated by long days exhibiting a diurnal rhythm, but down-regulated by short days. Notably, the basal expression level of GmFT4 was elevated when transferred to continous light, whereas repressed when transferred to continuous dark. GmFT4 was primarily expressed in fully expanded leaves. Transcript abundance of GmFT4 was significantly correlated with that of functional E1, as well as flowering time phenotype in different cultivars. Overexpression of GmFT4 delayed the flowering time in transgenic Arabidopsis. Taken together, we propose that GmFT4 acts downstream of E1 and functions as a flowering repressor, and the balance of two antagonistic factors (GmFT4 vs GmFT2a/5a) determines the flowering time of soybean. FAU - Zhai, Hong AU - Zhai H AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Lu, Shixiang AU - Lu S AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Liang, Shuang AU - Liang S AD - College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Wu, Hongyan AU - Wu H AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Zhang, Xingzheng AU - Zhang X AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Kong, Fanjiang AU - Kong F AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Yuan, Xiaohui AU - Yuan X AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Li, Jing AU - Li J AD - College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. FAU - Xia, Zhengjun AU - Xia Z AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140219 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins) RN - 0 (FT protein, Arabidopsis) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) RN - 0 (Repressor Proteins) RN - 0 (Transcription Factors) SB - IM MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Arabidopsis/genetics MH - Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics MH - Flowers/*genetics MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phylogeny MH - Plant Proteins/*genetics MH - Plants, Genetically Modified MH - Repressor Proteins/*genetics MH - Sequence Homology MH - Soybeans/*genetics MH - Transcription Factors/*genetics PMC - PMC3929636 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2014/03/04 06:00 MHDA- 2015/01/13 06:00 CRDT- 2014/03/04 06:00 PHST- 2013/09/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/01/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/01/13 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-13-37961 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0089030 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2014 Feb 19;9(2):e89030. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089030. eCollection 2014. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1371/journal.pone.0097669 24845624 PMC4028237 Nan, Cao et al., 2014 "Nan H, Cao D, Zhang D, Li Y, Lu S, Tang L, Yuan X, Liu B, Kong F. GmFT2a and GmFT5a redundantly and differentially regulate flowering through interaction with and upregulation of the bZIP transcription factor GmFDL19 in soybean. PLoS One. 2014 May 20;9(5):e97669. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097669. PMID: 24845624; PMCID: PMC4028237." ## PMID- 24845624 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150212 LR - 20211021 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 5 DP - 2014 TI - GmFT2a and GmFT5a redundantly and differentially regulate flowering through interaction with and upregulation of the bZIP transcription factor GmFDL19 in soybean. PG - e97669 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0097669 [doi] LID - e97669 AB - FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is the key flowering integrator in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and its homologs encode florigens in many plant species regardless of their photoperiodic response. Two FT homologs, GmFT2a and GmFT5a, are involved in photoperiod-regulated flowering and coordinately control flowering in soybean. However, the molecular and genetic understanding of the roles played by GmFT2a and GmFT5a in photoperiod-regulated flowering in soybean is very limited. In this study, we demonstrated that GmFT2a and GmFT5a were able to promote early flowering in soybean by overexpressing these two genes in the soybean cultivar Williams 82 under noninductive long-day (LD) conditions. The soybean homologs of several floral identity genes, such as GmAP1, GmSOC1 and GmLFY, were significantly upregulated by GmFT2a and GmFT5a in a redundant and differential pattern. A bZIP transcription factor, GmFDL19, was identified as interacting with both GmFT2a and GmFT5a, and this interaction was confirmed by yeast two-hybridization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The overexpression of GmFDL19 in soybean caused early flowering, and the transcription levels of the flowering identity genes were also upregulated by GmFDL19, as was consistent with the upregulation of GmFT2a and GmFT5a. The transcription of GmFDL19 was also induced by GmFT2a. The results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that GmFDL19 was able to bind with the cis-elements in the promoter of GmAP1a. Taken together, our results suggest that GmFT2a and GmFT5a redundantly and differentially control photoperiod-regulated flowering in soybean through both physical interaction with and transcriptional upregulation of the bZIP transcription factor GmFDL19, thereby inducing the expression of floral identity genes. FAU - Nan, Haiyang AU - Nan H AD - The Key of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nangang District, Harbin, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Cao, Dong AU - Cao D AD - The Key of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nangang District, Harbin, China. FAU - Zhang, Dayong AU - Zhang D AD - Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China. FAU - Li, Ying AU - Li Y AD - State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. FAU - Lu, Sijia AU - Lu S AD - The Key of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nangang District, Harbin, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Tang, Lili AU - Tang L AD - The Key of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nangang District, Harbin, China. FAU - Yuan, Xiaohui AU - Yuan X AD - The Key of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nangang District, Harbin, China. FAU - Liu, Baohui AU - Liu B AD - The Key of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nangang District, Harbin, China. FAU - Kong, Fanjiang AU - Kong F AD - The Key of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nangang District, Harbin, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140520 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) RN - 0 (Transcription Factors) SB - IM MH - Flowers/genetics/*metabolism MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/*physiology MH - Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Soybeans/genetics/*metabolism MH - Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism MH - Up-Regulation/*physiology PMC - PMC4028237 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2014/05/23 06:00 MHDA- 2015/02/13 06:00 CRDT- 2014/05/22 06:00 PHST- 2014/03/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/04/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/05/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/05/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/02/13 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-14-12622 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0097669 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2014 May 20;9(5):e97669. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097669. eCollection 2014. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1371/journal.pone.0136601 26371882 PMC4570765 Guo, Xu et al., 2015 "Guo G, Xu K, Zhang X, Zhu J, Lu M, Chen F, Liu L, Xi ZY, Bachmair A, Chen Q, Fu YF. Extensive Analysis of GmFTL and GmCOL Expression in Northern Soybean Cultivars in Field Conditions. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 15;10(9):e0136601. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136601. PMID: 26371882; PMCID: PMC4570765." ## PMID- 26371882 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160519 LR - 20181113 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 9 DP - 2015 TI - Extensive Analysis of GmFTL and GmCOL Expression in Northern Soybean Cultivars in Field Conditions. PG - e0136601 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0136601 [doi] LID - e0136601 AB - The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene is a highly conserved florigen gene among flowering plants. Soybean genome encodes six homologs of FT, which display flowering activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, their contributions to flowering time in different soybean cultivars, especially in field conditions, are unclear. We employed six soybean cultivars with different maturities to extensively investigate expression patterns of GmFTLs (Glycine max FT-like) and GmCOLs (Glycine max CO-like) in the field conditions. The results show that GmFTL3 is an FT homolog with the highest transcript abundance in soybean, but other GmFTLs may also contribute to flower induction with different extents, because they have more or less similar expression patterns in developmental-, leaf-, and circadian-specific modes. And four GmCOL genes (GmCOL1/2/5/13) may confer to the expression of GmFTL genes. Artificial manipulation of GmFTL expression by transgenic strategy (overexpression and RNAi) results in a distinct change in soybean flowering time, indicating that GmFTLs not only impact on the control of flowering time, but have potential applications in the manipulation of photoperiodic adaptation in soybean. Additionally, transgenic plants show that GmFTLs play a role in formation of the first flowers and in vegetative growth. FAU - Guo, Guangyu AU - Guo G AD - College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China. FAU - Xu, Kun AU - Xu K AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhang, Xiaomei AU - Zhang X AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhu, Jinlong AU - Zhu J AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, China. FAU - Lu, Mingyang AU - Lu M AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Chen, Fulu AU - Chen F AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, China. FAU - Liu, Linpo AU - Liu L AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, China. FAU - Xi, Zhang-Ying AU - Xi ZY AD - College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China. FAU - Bachmair, Andreas AU - Bachmair A AD - Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. FAU - Chen, Qingshan AU - Chen Q AD - College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China. FAU - Fu, Yong-Fu AU - Fu YF AD - MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150915 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) RN - 0 (Transcription Factors) SB - IM MH - Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism MH - Flowers/genetics/*metabolism MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/*physiology MH - Plant Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics MH - Soybeans/genetics/*metabolism MH - Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism PMC - PMC4570765 COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2015/09/16 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/20 06:00 CRDT- 2015/09/16 06:00 PHST- 2015/04/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/08/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/09/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/09/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/20 06:00 [medline] AID - PONE-D-15-18351 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0136601 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2015 Sep 15;10(9):e0136601. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136601. eCollection 2015. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1534/genetics.108.098772 19474204 PMC2728863 Watanabe, Hideshima et al., 2009 "Watanabe S, Hideshima R, Xia Z, Tsubokura Y, Sato S, Nakamoto Y, Yamanaka N, Takahashi R, Ishimoto M, Anai T, Tabata S, Harada K. Map-based cloning of the gene associated with the soybean maturity locus E3. Genetics. 2009 Aug;182(4):1251-62. doi: 10.1534/genetics.108.098772. Epub 2009 May 27. PMID: 19474204; PMCID: PMC2728863." ## PMID- 19474204 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20100201 LR - 20220330 IS - 1943-2631 (Electronic) IS - 0016-6731 (Print) IS - 0016-6731 (Linking) VI - 182 IP - 4 DP - 2009 Aug TI - Map-based cloning of the gene associated with the soybean maturity locus E3. PG - 1251-62 LID - 10.1534/genetics.108.098772 [doi] AB - Photosensitivity plays an essential role in the response of plants to their changing environments throughout their life cycle. In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], several associations between photosensitivity and maturity loci are known, but only limited information at the molecular level is available. The FT3 locus is one of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flowering time that corresponds to the maturity locus E3. To identify the gene responsible for this QTL, a map-based cloning strategy was undertaken. One phytochrome A gene (GmPhyA3) was considered a strong candidate for the FT3 locus. Allelism tests and gene sequence comparisons showed that alleles of Misuzudaizu (FT3/FT3; JP28856) and Harosoy (E3/E3; PI548573) were identical. The GmPhyA3 alleles of Moshidou Gong 503 (ft3/ft3; JP27603) and L62-667 (e3/e3; PI547716) showed weak or complete loss of function, respectively. High red/far-red (R/FR) long-day conditions enhanced the effects of the E3/FT3 alleles in various genetic backgrounds. Moreover, a mutant line harboring the nonfunctional GmPhyA3 flowered earlier than the original Bay (E3/E3; PI553043) under similar conditions. These results suggest that the variation in phytochrome A may contribute to the complex systems of soybean flowering response and geographic adaptation. FAU - Watanabe, Satoshi AU - Watanabe S AD - National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan. FAU - Hideshima, Rumiko AU - Hideshima R FAU - Xia, Zhengjun AU - Xia Z FAU - Tsubokura, Yasutaka AU - Tsubokura Y FAU - Sato, Shusei AU - Sato S FAU - Nakamoto, Yumi AU - Nakamoto Y FAU - Yamanaka, Naoki AU - Yamanaka N FAU - Takahashi, Ryoji AU - Takahashi R FAU - Ishimoto, Masao AU - Ishimoto M FAU - Anai, Toyoaki AU - Anai T FAU - Tabata, Satoshi AU - Tabata S FAU - Harada, Kyuya AU - Harada K LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AB462634 SI - GENBANK/AB462635 SI - GENBANK/AB462636 SI - GENBANK/AB462637 SI - GENBANK/AB462638 SI - GENBANK/AB462639 SI - GENBANK/AB462640 SI - GENBANK/AB462641 SI - GENBANK/AB465249 SI - GENBANK/AB465250 SI - GENBANK/AB465251 SI - GENBANK/AB465252 SI - GENBANK/AB465253 SI - GENBANK/AB465254 SI - GENBANK/AB465255 SI - GENBANK/AB465256 SI - GENBANK/AB465257 SI - GENBANK/AB465258 SI - GENBANK/AB468152 SI - GENBANK/AB468153 SI - GENBANK/AB468154 SI - GENBANK/AB468155 SI - GENBANK/AP010916 SI - GENBANK/AP010917 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20090527 PL - United States TA - Genetics JT - Genetics JID - 0374636 RN - 0 (Phytochrome A) SB - IM MH - Alleles MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular/*methods MH - Flowers/genetics MH - Genes, Plant/*genetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phytochrome A/*genetics MH - *Quantitative Trait Loci MH - Soybeans/*genetics PMC - PMC2728863 EDAT- 2009/05/29 09:00 MHDA- 2010/02/02 06:00 CRDT- 2009/05/29 09:00 PHST- 2009/05/29 09:00 [entrez] PHST- 2009/05/29 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2010/02/02 06:00 [medline] AID - genetics.108.098772 [pii] AID - gen18241251 [pii] AID - 10.1534/genetics.108.098772 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Genetics. 2009 Aug;182(4):1251-62. doi: 10.1534/genetics.108.098772. Epub 2009 May 27. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.1534/genetics.110.125062 21406680 PMC3122305 Watanabe, Xia et al., 2011 "Watanabe S, Xia Z, Hideshima R, Tsubokura Y, Sato S, Yamanaka N, Takahashi R, Anai T, Tabata S, Kitamura K, Harada K. A map-based cloning strategy employing a residual heterozygous line reveals that the GIGANTEA gene is involved in soybean maturity and flowering. Genetics. 2011 Jun;188(2):395-407. doi: 10.1534/genetics.110.125062. Epub 2011 Mar 15. PMID: 21406680; PMCID: PMC3122305." ## PMID- 21406680 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20111020 LR - 20220420 IS - 1943-2631 (Electronic) IS - 0016-6731 (Print) IS - 0016-6731 (Linking) VI - 188 IP - 2 DP - 2011 Jun TI - A map-based cloning strategy employing a residual heterozygous line reveals that the GIGANTEA gene is involved in soybean maturity and flowering. PG - 395-407 LID - 10.1534/genetics.110.125062 [doi] AB - Flowering is indicative of the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, a critical event in the life cycle of plants. In soybean (Glycine max), a flowering quantitative trait locus, FT2, corresponding to the maturity locus E2, was detected in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the varieties "Misuzudaizu" (ft2/ft2; JP28856) and "Moshidou Gong 503" (FT2/FT2; JP27603). A map-based cloning strategy using the progeny of a residual heterozygous line (RHL) from the RIL was employed to isolate the gene responsible for this quantitative trait locus. A GIGANTEA ortholog, GmGIa (Glyma10g36600), was identified as a candidate gene. A common premature stop codon at the 10th exon was present in the Misuzudaizu allele and in other near isogenic lines (NILs) originating from Harosoy (e2/e2; PI548573). Furthermore, a mutant line harboring another premature stop codon showed an earlier flowering phenotype than the original variety, Bay (E2/E2; PI553043). The e2/e2 genotype exhibited elevated expression of GmFT2a, one of the florigen genes that leads to early flowering. The effects of the E2 allele on flowering time were similar among NILs and constant under high (43 degrees N) and middle (36 degrees N) latitudinal regions in Japan. These results indicate that GmGIa is the gene responsible for the E2 locus and that a null mutation in GmGIa may contribute to the geographic adaptation of soybean. FAU - Watanabe, Satoshi AU - Watanabe S AD - National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. FAU - Xia, Zhengjun AU - Xia Z FAU - Hideshima, Rumiko AU - Hideshima R FAU - Tsubokura, Yasutaka AU - Tsubokura Y FAU - Sato, Shusei AU - Sato S FAU - Yamanaka, Naoki AU - Yamanaka N FAU - Takahashi, Ryoji AU - Takahashi R FAU - Anai, Toyoaki AU - Anai T FAU - Tabata, Satoshi AU - Tabata S FAU - Kitamura, Keisuke AU - Kitamura K FAU - Harada, Kyuya AU - Harada K LA - eng SI - GENBANK/AB554196 SI - GENBANK/AB554197 SI - GENBANK/AB554198 SI - GENBANK/AB554199 SI - GENBANK/AB554200 SI - GENBANK/AB554201 SI - GENBANK/AB554202 SI - GENBANK/AB554203 SI - GENBANK/AB554204 SI - GENBANK/AB554205 SI - GENBANK/AB554206 SI - GENBANK/AB554207 SI - GENBANK/AB554208 SI - GENBANK/AB554209 SI - GENBANK/AB554210 SI - GENBANK/AB554211 SI - GENBANK/AB554212 SI - GENBANK/AB554213 SI - GENBANK/AB554214 SI - GENBANK/AB554215 SI - GENBANK/AB554216 SI - GENBANK/AB554217 SI - GENBANK/AB554218 SI - GENBANK/AB554219 SI - GENBANK/AB554220 SI - GENBANK/AB554221 SI - GENBANK/AB554222 SI - GENBANK/AP011810 SI - GENBANK/AP011811 SI - GENBANK/AP011813 SI - GENBANK/AP011821 SI - GENBANK/AP011822 PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20110315 PL - United States TA - Genetics JT - Genetics JID - 0374636 RN - 0 (DNA, Plant) RN - 0 (Plant Proteins) RN - 0 (Soybean Proteins) SB - IM MH - Acclimatization/genetics MH - Altitude MH - Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - Chromosomes, Plant/genetics MH - Cloning, Molecular/*methods MH - DNA, Plant/chemistry/genetics MH - Flowers/*genetics/growth & development MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - Heterozygote MH - Lod Score MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Mutation MH - Phylogeny MH - Plant Proteins/classification/*genetics MH - Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics MH - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Soybean Proteins/genetics MH - Soybeans/*genetics/growth & development MH - Time Factors PMC - PMC3122305 EDAT- 2011/03/17 06:00 MHDA- 2011/10/21 06:00 CRDT- 2011/03/17 06:00 PHST- 2011/03/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2011/03/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2011/10/21 06:00 [medline] AID - genetics.110.125062 [pii] AID - 125062 [pii] AID - 10.1534/genetics.110.125062 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Genetics. 2011 Jun;188(2):395-407. doi: 10.1534/genetics.110.125062. Epub 2011 Mar 15. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.3389/fpls.2019.01221 31787988 PMC6856076 Wu, Kang et al., 2019 "Wu F, Kang X, Wang M, Haider W, Price WB, Hajek B, Hanzawa Y. Transcriptome-Enabled Network Inference Revealed the GmCOL1 Feed-Forward Loop and Its Roles in Photoperiodic Flowering of Soybean. Front Plant Sci. 2019 Nov 8;10:1221. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01221. PMID: 31787988; PMCID: PMC6856076." ## PMID- 31787988 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 1664-462X (Print) IS - 1664-462X (Electronic) IS - 1664-462X (Linking) VI - 10 DP - 2019 TI - Transcriptome-Enabled Network Inference Revealed the GmCOL1 Feed-Forward Loop and Its Roles in Photoperiodic Flowering of Soybean. PG - 1221 LID - 10.3389/fpls.2019.01221 [doi] LID - 1221 AB - Photoperiodic flowering, a plant response to seasonal photoperiod changes in the control of reproductive transition, is an important agronomic trait that has been a central target of crop domestication and modern breeding programs. However, our understanding about the molecular mechanisms of photoperiodic flowering regulation in crop species is lagging behind. To better understand the regulatory gene networks controlling photoperiodic flowering of soybeans, we elucidated global gene expression patterns under different photoperiod regimes using the near isogenic lines (NILs) of maturity loci (E loci). Transcriptome signatures identified the unique roles of the E loci in photoperiodic flowering and a set of genes controlled by these loci. To elucidate the regulatory gene networks underlying photoperiodic flowering regulation, we developed the network inference algorithmic package CausNet that integrates sparse linear regression and Granger causality heuristics, with Gaussian approximation of bootstrapping to provide reliability scores for predicted regulatory interactions. Using the transcriptome data, CausNet inferred regulatory interactions among soybean flowering genes. Published reports in the literature provided empirical verification for several of CausNet's inferred regulatory interactions. We further confirmed the inferred regulatory roles of the flowering suppressors GmCOL1a and GmCOL1b using GmCOL1 RNAi transgenic soybean plants. Combinations of the alleles of GmCOL1 and the major maturity locus E1 demonstrated positive interaction between these genes, leading to enhanced suppression of flowering transition. Our work provides novel insights and testable hypotheses in the complex molecular mechanisms of photoperiodic flowering control in soybean and lays a framework for de novo prediction of biological networks controlling important agronomic traits in crops. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Wu, Kang, Wang, Haider, Price, Hajek and Hanzawa. FAU - Wu, Faqiang AU - Wu F AD - Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States. FAU - Kang, Xiaohan AU - Kang X AD - Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States. FAU - Wang, Minglei AU - Wang M AD - Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States. FAU - Haider, Waseem AU - Haider W AD - Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. FAU - Price, William B AU - Price WB AD - Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States. FAU - Hajek, Bruce AU - Hajek B AD - Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States. FAU - Hanzawa, Yoshie AU - Hanzawa Y AD - Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20191108 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Plant Sci JT - Frontiers in plant science JID - 101568200 PMC - PMC6856076 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Glycine max OT - feedforward loop OT - network inference OT - photoperiodic flowering OT - transcriptome EDAT- 2019/12/04 06:00 MHDA- 2019/12/04 06:01 CRDT- 2019/12/03 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/09/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/12/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/12/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/12/04 06:01 [medline] AID - 10.3389/fpls.2019.01221 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Plant Sci. 2019 Nov 8;10:1221. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01221. eCollection 2019. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.3389/fpls.2021.632754 33995435 PMC8113421 Xia, Zhai et al., 2012 "Xia Z, Zhai H, Wu H, Xu K, Watanabe S, Harada K. The Synchronized Efforts to Decipher the Molecular Basis for Soybean Maturity Loci E1, E2, and E3 That Regulate Flowering and Maturity. Front Plant Sci. 2021 Apr 28;12:632754. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.632754. PMID: 33995435; PMCID: PMC8113421." ## PMID- 33995435 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20210518 IS - 1664-462X (Print) IS - 1664-462X (Electronic) IS - 1664-462X (Linking) VI - 12 DP - 2021 TI - The Synchronized Efforts to Decipher the Molecular Basis for Soybean Maturity Loci E1, E2, and E3 That Regulate Flowering and Maturity. PG - 632754 LID - 10.3389/fpls.2021.632754 [doi] LID - 632754 AB - The general concept of photoperiodism, i.e., the photoperiodic induction of flowering, was established by Garner and Allard (1920). The genetic factor controlling flowering time, maturity, or photoperiodic responses was observed in soybean soon after the discovery of the photoperiodism. E1, E2, and E3 were named in 1971 and, thereafter, genetically characterized. At the centennial celebration of the discovery of photoperiodism in soybean, we recount our endeavors to successfully decipher the molecular bases for the major maturity loci E1, E2, and E3 in soybean. Through systematic efforts, we successfully cloned the E3 gene in 2009, the E2 gene in 2011, and the E1 gene in 2012. Recently, successful identification of several circadian-related genes such as PRR3a, LUX, and J has enriched the known major E1-FTs pathway. Further research progresses on the identification of new flowering and maturity-related genes as well as coordinated regulation between flowering genes will enable us to understand profoundly flowering gene network and determinants of latitudinal adaptation in soybean. CI - Copyright (c) 2021 Xia, Zhai, Wu, Xu, Watanabe and Harada. FAU - Xia, Zhengjun AU - Xia Z AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Zhai, Hong AU - Zhai H AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Wu, Hongyan AU - Wu H AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Xu, Kun AU - Xu K AD - Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China. FAU - Watanabe, Satoshi AU - Watanabe S AD - Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan. FAU - Harada, Kyuya AU - Harada K AD - Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20210428 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Plant Sci JT - Frontiers in plant science JID - 101568200 PMC - PMC8113421 OTO - NOTNLM OT - E1 OT - flowering time OT - maturity OT - photoperiodic response OT - positional cloning OT - soybean COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2021/05/18 06:00 MHDA- 2021/05/18 06:01 CRDT- 2021/05/17 06:04 PHST- 2020/11/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2021/03/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2021/05/17 06:04 [entrez] PHST- 2021/05/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/05/18 06:01 [medline] AID - 10.3389/fpls.2021.632754 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Plant Sci. 2021 Apr 28;12:632754. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.632754. eCollection 2021. ##### PUB RECORD ##### ## 10.3389/fpls.2022.889066 35574141 PMC9100572 Dietz, Chan et al., 2023 "Dietz N, Chan YO, Scaboo A, Graef G, Hyten D, Happ M, Diers B, Lorenz A, Wang D, Joshi T, Bilyeu K. Candidate Genes Modulating Reproductive Timing in Elite US Soybean Lines Identified in Soybean Alleles of Arabidopsis Flowering Orthologs With Divergent Latitude Distribution. Front Plant Sci. 2022 Apr 29;13:889066. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889066. PMID: 35574141; PMCID: PMC9100572." ## PMID- 35574141 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220519 IS - 1664-462X (Print) IS - 1664-462X (Electronic) IS - 1664-462X (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2022 TI - Candidate Genes Modulating Reproductive Timing in Elite US Soybean Lines Identified in Soybean Alleles of Arabidopsis Flowering Orthologs With Divergent Latitude Distribution. PG - 889066 LID - 10.3389/fpls.2022.889066 [doi] LID - 889066 AB - Adaptation of soybean cultivars to the photoperiod in which they are grown is critical for optimizing plant yield. However, despite its importance, only the major loci conferring variation in flowering time and maturity of US soybean have been isolated. By contrast, over 200 genes contributing to floral induction in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana have been described. In this work, putative alleles of a library of soybean orthologs of these Arabidopsis flowering genes were tested for their latitudinal distribution among elite US soybean lines developed in the United States. Furthermore, variants comprising the alleles of genes with significant differences in latitudinal distribution were assessed for amino acid conservation across disparate genera to infer their impact on gene function. From these efforts, several candidate genes from various biological pathways were identified that are likely being exploited toward adaptation of US soybean to various maturity groups. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Dietz, Chan, Scaboo, Graef, Hyten, Happ, Diers, Lorenz, Wang, Joshi and Bilyeu. FAU - Dietz, Nicholas AU - Dietz N AD - Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. FAU - Chan, Yen On AU - Chan YO AD - Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. AD - MU Data Science and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. FAU - Scaboo, Andrew AU - Scaboo A AD - Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. FAU - Graef, George AU - Graef G AD - Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States. FAU - Hyten, David AU - Hyten D AD - Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States. FAU - Happ, Mary AU - Happ M AD - Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States. FAU - Diers, Brian AU - Diers B AD - Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States. FAU - Lorenz, Aaron AU - Lorenz A AD - Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States. FAU - Wang, Dechun AU - Wang D AD - Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States. FAU - Joshi, Trupti AU - Joshi T AD - Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. AD - MU Data Science and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. AD - Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. AD - Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States. FAU - Bilyeu, Kristin AU - Bilyeu K AD - USDA/ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO, United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220429 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Plant Sci JT - Frontiers in plant science JID - 101568200 PMC - PMC9100572 OTO - NOTNLM OT - development OT - flowering time OT - genomics OT - orthologs OT - reproductive phase OT - soybean OT - vegetative phase COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/05/17 06:00 MHDA- 2022/05/17 06:01 CRDT- 2022/05/16 04:37 PHST- 2022/03/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/04/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/05/16 04:37 [entrez] PHST- 2022/05/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/05/17 06:01 [medline] AID - 10.3389/fpls.2022.889066 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Plant Sci. 2022 Apr 29;13:889066. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889066. eCollection 2022.